计及导向摆臂约束的重型货车驾驶室俯仰平面动力学模型

传统的重型货车驾驶室俯仰平面动力学模型没有考虑悬置导向机构的影响,仅能粗略计算驾驶室垂向和俯仰响应,无法计算驾驶室质心的纵向振动特性,因而其仿真精度较低,且在实际工程应用中受到了限制。为提高模型精度并拓宽其工程应用范围,创建了考虑导向摆臂约束作用的驾驶室俯仰平面动力学模型,分析了摆臂导向机构的约束特性。在此基础上,通过道路试验,对所建模型进行了验证。结果表明,所建模型的仿真精度更高,工程应用范围更广,它能有效复现驾驶室系统的真实动力学响应。而且,该模型不仅可用于驾驶室垂向、俯仰和纵向振动响应特性的分析,还可用于考虑驾驶室纵向振动舒适性的悬置控制策略的开发,以及导向摆臂摆角、减振器摆角和驾驶室悬置系统其它动力学参数的估计等。     

基于部分集卡到达信息的码头进口箱翻箱优化

集装箱码头进口箱提箱作业过程中,由于外集卡到达时间的不确定性,存在外集卡提箱顺序与目标箱的堆存位置不一致,从而产生大量翻箱.为了解决这一问题,本文以期望翻箱量最小为落箱位置的选择原则,提出最小化二次翻箱启发式算法,利用算例验证算法的有效性,分析集卡到达的信息质量对进口箱提箱翻箱的影响,根据集卡到达信息质量的不同选择最佳翻箱规则.结果表明:提出的翻箱策略可以在获得部分集卡到达信息下有效地减少翻箱,针对不同的集卡到达信息质量,采取相应翻箱规则进行翻箱作业能有效减少翻箱,提高码头堆场的作业效率.     

基于生长曲线函数的货车运营环节碳达峰研究

货车是我国大气环境污染的重要来源之一，也是影响我国碳达峰总体目标实现的重要因 素。本文从货车运营环节入手，在运用生长曲线函数对货车保有量进行预测的基础上，对不同类 型货车的保有量和单车碳排放变化进行研究，并从货车节能技术发展、新能源货车推广和应用进 程两方面入手，分3种情景对货车运营环节中产生的碳排放总量趋势进行预判，推演货车运营环 节的碳达峰时间。研究结果表明，只有同时加快货车节能技术发展以及新能源货车推广和应用 进程，货车运营环节中产生的碳排放总量规模才能得到有效抑制并逐渐减少。若到 2030 年货 车单车燃料消耗水平较 2019 年降低 20%以上，新能源货车在货车整体保有量中的占比达到 20%，到 2060 年货车单车燃料消耗水平较 2019 年降低 50%，新能源货车占比达到 50%，则货车 运营环节碳达峰时间将缩短至2030年左右实现，2030年后货车运营环节产生的碳排放总量规 模将逐渐减少。     

The effect of the competition between cars and trucks on the evolution of the motorway transport system

Motorways, which were devised at the beginning of their history as dedicated roads intended to be traveled by cars only, are at present also traveled by considerable flows of trucks. This fact has deeply changed the motorway transport system with respect to its original conception, owing to the interactions between two categories of vehicles whose characteristics are very different. These interactions greatly increase the transport cost perceived by car drivers with respect to truck drivers. This paper studies the consequences of this cost asymmetry on the evolution of the transport system when the geometric characteristics of a motorway remain unchanged in time, while transport demand increases. By using a theoretical model of competition between cars and trucks, it is shown that, if both the geometric characteristics of a motorway and the increase rate of the activities that feed the transport demand remain unchanged over time, the competition between cars and trucks, as well as the fact that in general passengers have better transport alternatives than freight, make the increase rate of truck traffic greater than that of cars, causing a progressive increase in the proportion of trucks in the time periods in which a motorway is traveled by both the vehicle categories. Since truck traffic on motorways, at least in Europe, is very scarce on weekends and in holiday periods, in which motorways are traveled almost only by cars, these results seem to indicate a tendency to the specialization of motorways, which are likely to be used in the future mostly by only one category of vehicles in different periods of time.     

基于工况分布的重型环卫货车 NOx排放模型

为提高城市重型环卫货车的NOx排放测算精度，本文提出一个基于工况分布的重型环卫货车NOx排放模型.首先，根据基于实测逐秒速度数据分析的环卫重型货车工况特征和 NO_x排放特性对不同负载货车的 VSP区间进行划分；其次，结合货车瞬时速度建立不同负载的环卫重型货车运行模式区间划分方法，并对不同负载货车NO_x排放因子进行测算.结果显示，空载货车在速度区间[0, 20) km/h 上，NOx排放因子大于满载，其他速度区间上相反.与基于 MOVES模型测算结果对比，在不同速度区间上，基于 MOVES的测算结果均比本文提出模型的测算结果偏低，如在低速区间[0，20) km/h，中速区间[20，50) km/h，高速区间[50，+∞) km/h：空载行驶时，分别低24.67%、6.82%和23.81%；满载行驶时，分别低12.38%、18.81%和26.43%.     

CFD技术在重卡领域的应用综述

近年来,随着计算机软硬件技术的迅速发展,蓬勃兴起的计算流体力学(CFD-ComputationalFluid Dynamics)为汽车性能设计开辟了一条新的途径。CFD软件也逐渐大量应用于重卡设计过程中。本文详细介绍了目前国内外应用最为广泛的几大商业CFD软件以及在重卡领域的应用。     

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集装箱码头外部集卡抵港时间存在随机性,导致提交箱任务分布不均,场内机械设备难以均衡负荷作业高峰.通过对外部集卡在港作业不同状态的分析,构建了以时间残值矩阵为核心的线性仿真数学模型.基于该模型提出了码头集疏港联动预约模式,在该模式下外部集卡的预约过程即为集卡司机对仿真计算反馈结果的互动选择过程.借助于与传统预约模式、等额预约模式在不同情形、规模算例下的仿真对比,显示了联动预约模式对于削减作业高峰、缩短集卡在港时间的有效性与鲁棒性.     

重型载货汽车道路可靠性试验初探

针对目前重型载货汽车在道路可靠性试验方面存在的不足,本文从兼顾用户实际使用条件和产品成本控制的角度出发,从试验要求、试验顺序、数据统计和合格性判定标准等方面,对重型载货汽车的可靠性试验规范进行了初步探讨,并提出了相应的对策和改进建议。     

自然驾驶状态下重型工程车驾驶人驾驶稳定性分析

重型工程车行驶过程中事故风险大,发生恶性事故的概率高,易造成重大生命和经济损失,其运输安全管理问题面临挑战.为探究重型工程车驾驶人驾驶稳定性与相关影响因素之间的关系,开展重型工程车自然驾驶试验,提取车辆运动学、道路条件、驾驶人状态和工作时间等数据;采用速度均值和速度标准差表征驾驶人驾驶稳定性,以睡眠模式、道路线形、道路...     

Preferences for autonomous and alternative fuel-powered heavy-duty trucks in Germany

Germany is by far the largest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union but adopted its own climate action plan to achieve greenhouse gas neutrality by 2050. The country’s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gas emissions is the transportation sector. As of January 2019, 99.7% of heavy-duty trucks registered in Germany run on diesel while the share of alternative fuel-powered passenger cars increases steadily. Apart from rising emissions, the industry faces a growing shortage of qualified truck drivers. A solution to increasing emissions and the shortage of drivers are autonomous and alternative fuel-powered heavy-duty trucks. We employed a choice-based conjoint analysis with employees from freight companies in Germany to find out how they assess the main attributes of innovative trucks. Our results reveal that the maximum driving range is the most important attribute followed by the refueling/recharging time. Tank-to-wheel emissions, on the other hand, was ranked as the least relevant attribute. Moreover, we present customers’ preference shares for future heavy-duty trucks until 2035. According to our results, freight companies are generally open to switching from conventional to low emission and (conditionally-) automated heavy-duty trucks, however, a close collaboration between truck manufacturers, customers, infrastructure companies, and policymakers is essential to spur the penetration of autonomous and alternative fuel-powered heavy-duty trucks.